<p>The Darby Meeting or Darby Friends Meeting House is located in Darby, Pennsylvania. The first recorded minutes of the meeting are dated July 2, 1684, not long after William Penn landed in nearby Chester to establish the colony of Pennsylvania. The first Friends meeting house in Darby was a log cabin built in 1687. The third and present building was built in 1805. It was used during the Revolutionary War by Continental soldiers. During the War of 1812, it was used by the U. S. Army as a hospital.</p><br>
<p>The -story building follows the Quaker tradition of simple and solid buildings. Its design is similar to that of the Horsham Friends Meeting House with separate entrances for men and women. Its walls are coursed fieldstone with stuccoed gables at each end. Brick fireplaces are also on each end of the interior. A covered porch extends along three sides of the ground floor, with the porch roof supported by simple wooden posts. Wooden posts also support the interior balcony. Most of the benches and other furniture are built of pine, but the floor is oak. Electric lighting and the usual utilities have been added, but otherwise the building retains its original form.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Darby Friends Meeting & the Darby Friends Schoolhouse (1019 Main st.) were officially recognized as part of the National Park Service&#39;s Underground Railroad NETWORK TO FREEDOM PROGRAM on October, 2, 2023. The research continues... As of August 2024, 51 Members have been documented as participating as stationmasters, conductors or stockholders.</p><br>
<h2>Darby Society of Friends</h2><br>
<p>In 1682, prior to the coming of William Penn to his new Province, there had settled in this place eight Friends from England (three of them with families).</p><br>
<p>These early settlers were Samuel Bradshaw and Thomas Worth from Oxton, county of Nottingham, John Blunston, Michael Blunston, George Wood, Joshua Fearne, Henry Gibbins and Samuel Sellers, from the county of Derby.</p><br>
<p>With the exception of that of Samuel Sellers, the Certificates of all these Friends from their Monthly Meetings in England are recorded upon the Darby Meeting minutes; the two from Nottinghamshire bearing date the 2.oth of the 1st Month, 1682., and those from the Meetings in Derbyshire being all dated in the 5th Mo., 1682. In the next year came Richard Bonsal, Edmund Cartlidge, Thomas Hood, John Bartram, and Robert Naylor from Derbyshire; John Hallowell, William Wood and Thomas Bradshaw from Nottinghamshire, and Richard Tucker from the county of Wiltshire.</p><br>
<p>It is not unnatural that this little body of people, severing ties in the old world to begin life again in the new, and coming, as they did, from almost the same neighborhood, should desire to give to their new home a name which would recall to them the old. For this reason, no doubt, they gave to the new settlement the name of Darby.</p><br>
<p>As most of the early settlers were Friends by convincement, some of them having suffered persecution for their faith, it is not likely that their religious meetings were suspended during their voyage, much less after their arrival. And yet it was not until 1684 that these Friends of Darby met together in a Monthly Meeting capacity where minutes were recorded. The first minute, dated the 2d of the 5th Mo., 1684, is to the effect that (( Samuel Sellers and Anna Gibens of Darby, declared their intentions of taking each other in Marriage, it being first tyme."</p><br>
<p>This first volume of minutes was transcribed at a later period and doubtless the minutes of some earlier sessions have been lost.</p><br>
<p>The Meetings were held at the house of John Blunston, which is said to have stood nearly opposite this present Meeting House, near the Mill-race.</p><br>
<p>In a letter to Friends in England, dated from Philadelphia the 17th of the 1st Month, 1683, and signed by William Penn, Samuel Jennings, Christopher Taylor, John Blunston and many others, we read, (( For our meetings, more especially for worship, there are * * **in Pennsylvania, one at the Falls, one at the Governors House, one at Colchester river, all in the County of Bucks; one at Tawcony, one at Philadelphia, both in that county, one at</p><br>
<p>Darby at John Blunstons, one at Chester, one at Ridley at John Simcocks, and one at William Ruses at Chichester in Cheshire. There be three monthly meetings of men and women for truths service; in the county of Chester, one; in the County of Philadelphia, another, and in the county of Bucks, another. And we intend a Yearly Meeting in the 3rd Month next. Here our concern is, as it was in our native land, that we may serve the Lord&#39;s truth and People. "</p><br>
<p>That the neglect of holding a Monthly Meeting at Darby was a source of concern to the Friends at Chester, may be inferred from the following minutes: "At a Monthly Meeting held at Robert Wade&#39;s house ye 5th, of 12th. mo. 1682/3 It is concluded by ye said Meeting yt Thos. Brassey and James Kennerly speake to John Blunston or some of Darby Meeting to joyne with us in our Months Meeting to consider of & order ye necessary affaires belonging to ye same." "At a Monthly Meeting held at the house of Robert Wade the 5th. of 1st. month 168: it was agreed yt Thomas Brassey and Robert Wade should speake with some of ye members of Darby Meeting yt they would according to ye</p><br>
<p>good order of Friends joyne with us in our Monthly Meeting."</p><br>
<p>Doubtless these concerns were not without effect) but there is no evidence that the Darby Friends ever joined themselves with the Meeting at Chester. It is probable) however, that they were represented at the Quarterly Meeting held at Chester the 4th. of the 12th. mo., 1683/4) at which it was "ordered yt Chester Monthly Meeting be held on ye. first weekly 2nd. day every month and Chichester Monthly Meeting to be ye second weekly 2nd. day every month and Darby Monthly Meeting be ye first weekly 4th. day in each month."</p><br>
<p>This is the first mention of a Monthly Meeting at Darby and it is not unreasonable to suppose that between this date, 12th. mo.&#39;4th. 168~ and 5th. mo. 2nd. 1684) the date of our first minute) there were several Monthly Meetings held.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>John Bartram (1699-1777), botanist, horticulturist and explorer</p><br>
<p>John Blunston: Founder of Darby, PA; 3x Speaker of the Colonial Assembly</p><br>
<p>Martha Schofield: Educator</p><br>
<p>The Sarge Boyd Bandshell of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States, as home to the city&#39;s oldest community musical organization, has played a significant role in the cultural development of the entire Chippewa Valley.</p><br>
<p>The structure was designed by city engineer Alexander Garnock for the purpose of showcasing the Eau Claire Municipal Band. Although its official name is the Donald I. "Sarge" Boyd Bandshell, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Owen Park Bandshell.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1938, it was a project of the Works Progress Administration costing $10,000 and taking 111 man months to complete.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the Municipal Band concerts, the historic bandshell, which has often been described as the "centerpiece" of Owen Park, has been used for weddings, church services, speeches, plays, movies, festivals, fairs, and other types of public gatherings. Since 2009 the Chippewa Valley Blues Society has hosted the Tuesday Night Blues concert series at the bandshell from Memorial Day to Labor Day. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><br>
<p>In 1992 it was dedicated to master showman :Donald I. "Sarge" Boyd whose half century of musical contributions to the city have had a profound impact on virtually everyone who worked under his direction.</p><br>
<p>have been a major summertime attraction for many years.</p><br>
<p>The Masur Museum of Art in Monroe, Louisiana in the United States, is the largest visual arts museum in northeast Louisiana. It is in the former home of the Masur family, the Masur House, also known as the Slagle-Masur House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building, constructed in modified Tudor style in 1929, was listed on the National Register in 1982 for its architecture. In 1963 it was given to the city of Monroe by the Masur family.</p><br>
<p>The mission of the museum is to support and foster visual arts in the community through exhibitions, both temporary and from the museum&#39;s permanent collection, as well as providing educational programs for both children and adults. Lectures, films, and artist talks are presented in the Lower River Gallery. The Carriage House is used for art classes, summer art camps, workshops, and demonstrations. Admission to the museum is free. The permanent collection includes works by Thomas Hart Benton, Mary Cassatt, Philip Guston, Joan Miró, Robert Motherwell, Pablo Picasso, Auguste Rodin. Salvador Dalí, Alex Katz, Fairfield Porter, and Georges Rouault. The collection also features the work of distinguished artists with ties to Louisiana, namely Lynda Benglis, Clyde Connell, Alexander John Drysdale, John Geldersma, Ida Kohlmeyer, Eugene J. Martin, and George Rodrigue, among others. Also included in the collection are several long-term loans that are on view on a rotating basis. These include works by Marc Chagall, Joan Miró, Pablo Picasso, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Masur Museum of Art was built as a private residence in 1929. A lumberman by the name of Clarence Edward Slagle had the modified Tudor estate built for his wife Mabel. The Indiana limestone and Pennsylvania blue slate used to build the home were transported on various waterways to the scenic Ouachita River, which runs behind the estate. The home was given the name Grey Gables by the Slagles. Originally the grounds included an English style rose garden and a lawn extending down to the river. When the Army Corps of Engineers built the levee system in the 1930s, the home’s carriage house was moved behind the new levee, but only had to be moved twenty feet.</p><br>
<p>In 1934 Clarence Slagle passed away and his widow soon after sold the home to the Masur family. Sigmund and Beatrice Masur and their children Sylvian, Jack, and Bertha Marie, lived in the home until the 1960s. The Masur children donated the home to the City of Monroe in 1963 to be converted into a fine art museum. Initially the museum began to present exhibitions and art education through the hard work of docents and volunteers. In 1974, the Twin City Art Foundation was formed to provide additional support for the museum, providing funding for exhibitions, educational programs, and the permanent collection. To this day the Masur operates as a partnership between the City of Monroe and the Twin City Art Foundation. The Masur Museum of Art is a division of the Department of Community Affairs within the City of Monroe.</p><br>
<p>Maizefield, often locally called Maizeland, is a historic house on West Market Street  in the village of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is a large plain brick building, in the Federal style, with clear English Georgian influences, built around the end of the 18th century. In 1973 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The house was occupied by General David Van Ness, a Continental Army officer during the Revolutionary War and later Brigadier General of the Dutchess County Militia, state assemblyman and senator who was the first supervisor of the Town of Red Hook. It is not known if the house was built prior to his ownership; he sold the property shortly before his death in the 1810s. Aaron Burr hid there for a while shortly after killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel.</p><br>
<p>The house has been altered several times since then, including the addition of large wing on the south side. In the middle of the century, a timber-frame Victorian cottage was built on the southwest corner of the property. Later research found that it was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis. A number of prominent local families have lived in both houses since, and they remain private residences.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is on a 5 acre lot on the north side of West Market, on the eastern outskirts of the village, roughly 400 m west of the junction with Broadway (USA Route 9) at the center of town. Surrounding terrain is generally level. Red Hook Middle School, a similarly large building on a slightly larger parcel, is to the east along with some other residences on larger lots.</p><br>
<p>To the south, across West Market, are residential neighborhoods with smaller houses on smaller lots. North of the property is the track and football field associated with Red Hook High School to the northwest. Further west, at the western boundary of the village, is the school&#39;s driveway, some of its parking lots and its soccer field.</p><br>
<p>A high brick wall, with two openings near the west corner, runs along the south boundary of the property. Two wooden paneled fences, almost the same height, delineate the eastern and western bounds. Entry to the lot is via a driveway on the east that connects to the middle school&#39;s entrance road, opposite another entry road on the south side of the school building. The driveway goes south of the house, leading to carports on its east and west. Tall, mature shade trees and a chain-link fence screen the house on the south and west, with other trees lining the north and east bounds.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>On the east and south elevations the main house stands on a slight, landscaped rise. Maintained shrubbery is in front of the first story windows. The main block of the house is faced in brick laid in English bond on all sides but the west, which is done in stone. It is three stories high, five bays wide by four deep, roughly 55 by, and topped by a flat roof pierced by four brick chimneys at the corners. Extending from the west side of the south face is a two-story, semi-octagonal wing with a hipped roof pierced by one brick chimney; to its east is a small, partially enclosed, flat-roofed one-story porch. Verandas are affixed to the north and west sides; the former also has a flat roof but is unenclosed.</p><br>
<p>On the east (front) facade&#39;s first story, two double-hung six-over-six sash windows are on either side of the centrally located main entrance. They have plain surrounds, with plain stone sills and splayed brick lintels. Between them and their second-story counterparts are wooden panels, rectangular with a festoon motif on the outer bays and elliptical with a sunburst pattern on those closer to the center.</p><br>
<p>Above the entrance, in the center of the second story, is a Palladian window that has a plain stone sill and six-over-six double-hung sash, the only feature it shares with the other windows. This window has a wooden surround with molded lintel. Its transom is set with a window with two muntins, one paralleling the semicircular arch near the center and the other radiating upward towards the molded wooden keystone at the center of the arch. The two flanking windows have three vertical lights flanked by engaged smooth square pilasters topped by a wide plain frieze. On the sides, the other windows are similar to those below except for being topped by a gentle splayed brick arch.</p><br>
<p>A frieze above gives way to a modillioned cornice with large blocks. Above it are the windows of the third story, all square set with three-over-three double-hung sash with stone sills, plain wooden surrounds and splayed brick lintels. In the middle there are two, set slightly closer together. A plain stone belt course above them sets off the roof parapet, itself capped with stone.</p><br>
<p>The downslope in the ground exposes the basement of the wing. Brick steps lead up to the porch on the eastern side. Its gently pitched hipped roof is supported on the front by two smooth round columns in the center with a similar column on either side, topped by a wide plain frieze and molded cornice.</p><br>
<p>The east wall has a full-height window partly echoing the Palladian window in the center of the east facade. A 15-pane central window topped by a semicircular transom with three radiating muntins is flanked by two 10-pane windows topped with two-pane transoms. These are also echoes of the French doors they shelter, which serve as a secondary entrance. Above them on the second story are three windows with the same treatment as those on the east facade, with two in the center bays and one at the corner, leaving the bay in between them blank. That placement is also followed by the six-over-six double-hung sash above the cornice on the third story.</p><br>
<p>On the wing, all windows have the same treatment as those on the second story, except for one on the south facet of the exposed basement. It is set with a gently arched casement window of two panels with eight panes each. It, too, is topped by a splayed brick arch. The modillioned cornice on the main block continues on the roofs overhanging eave; the shingled roof has a red section near its base. A cross-gabled section near the main blocks southwest corner supports the wing&#39;s chimney. On the west side of the wing, a wooden staircase descends from the second floor; a one-story modern addition is on the west elevation just to its north.</p><br>
<p>A deck projects from the north side of the western addition. Just to its east, on the north side of the main block, is a full-width veranda. Like its counterpart on the south, its gently hipped roof is supported by paired smooth circular wooden columns topped by a plain wide frieze. Unlike the southern veranda, it is completely unenclosed.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is sheltered by a portico similar to the north and south verandas. It has coupled smooth round columns topped by a full entablature and gently pitched hipped roof. An iron lantern on a chain hangs from the underside. It illuminates a six-paneled double wooden door with flanking sidelights. It is framed by pilasters, with a frieze of triglyphs and metopes above topped by a dentilled cornice.</p><br>
<p>It opens on a central hall that ends slightly before it reaches the western wall. Much of the finishing on the first floor, such as doors, frames, cornices, and plaster decoration in ceilings is from the house&#39;s mid-19th century renovations. The largest original piece remaining is a mantelpiece in the northeast parlor, decorated with garlands and fruit baskets. Folding interior shutters still exist on all the windows. Upstairs, the doors, frames and fireplace trim is also original.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>An unpainted wooden picket fence separates the southwest corner of the property. One of the two lots within it is the primary outbuilding of the historic Maizefield property. Two cuts in the brick wall provide access to it, the eastern to the front walk and the western to the driveway.</p><br>
<p>The outbuilding is a two-story, three-by-one-bay timber frame cottage on an exposed stone foundation. It is sided in vertical board and batten and topped with a hipped roof covered in shingles, pierced by two centrally located brick chimneys. On the south (front) elevation is a full-height portico topped by a cross-gable.</p><br>
<p>All windows are identical, consisting of large, paired, three-pane single casement windows with molded wooden sills and lintels, divided and flanked by small plain square wooden pilasters. The pilasters rise from a wooden water table at the foundation to a narrow plain frieze below the roofline. Regularly placed brackets support the overhanging eaves, which are emphasized by gutters running their full length.</p><br>
<p>The portico covers only the single center bay. Its roof is supported by four smooth square wooden columns, two freestanding in front and two engaged with the main block at the rear. All have molded capitals and plinths. A single electric light is affixed to the center of the ceiling. The overhanging eave and brackets of the main block&#39;s roof line continue around the portico. A slightly sloping section of roof above it on the front forms the bottom of a recessed pediment with plain entablature in the gable.</p><br>
<p>Both sides feature one window with the same treatment as those in the front in the center of each story. On the north end is an architecturally sympathetic one-story wing. Beyond it, at the rear of the lot, is a timber-frame garage, also sympathetic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>David Van Ness came to what later became Red Hook from Columbia County to the north, He eventually moved south to what is today the hamlet of Upper Red Hook in the northern part of town, married a daughter of prominent local farmer Jacob Heermance, and settled down there, eventually becoming the local postmaster. During the Revolutionary War, he served as an officer in the Continental Army, attaining the rank of captain. In 1778 he was promoted to major in the Dutchess County Militia</p><br>
<p>After the Revolution, with the coming of American independence, Van Ness went into public service. He was elected to the State Assembly in 1790, and served as an elector in the 1792 presidential election. The following year he was promoted to brigadier general, second in command of the militia. He continued to serve as postmaster, and since he had brought the title with him, the small settlement at the crossroads, previously referred to as Hardscrabble, became known from then on as Red Hook.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1789 he had begun acquiring property in the lower village of Red Hook, then part of the Town of Rhinebeck, at the crossroads of what is today Routes 9 and 199. His purchases totaled 364 acre by 1797, including the land on which Maizefield now stands. It is unclear whether the house was there prior to his purchases or he built it; either way, it is believed to have been built at a later point in that period, around 1795 at the earliest.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction, Maizefield had some differences from the current house. An undated watercolor painting shows its original appearance. A side-gabled roof tops the house, and there are no extensions on the north or south. There was, however, a west wing. The painting also shows several outbuildings, including a Dutch barn, but not the cottage currently on the southwest corner.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s interior plan represents a break with previous styles. Houses built by pioneering European settlers in the region had kept their ceilings low to conserve heat during the long, cold winters. But that era had ended by the late 18th century, and the descendants of those settlers, more prosperous in their lives and sophisticated in their tastes, wanted to live in less cramped, more elegant homes, and so built higher ceilings such as those in Maizefield. This change occurred without any corresponding improvement in home heating; the four hearths were thus necessary to keep the house sufficiently heated during the winter.</p><br>
<p>With the house complete, in 1800 Van Ness returned to elective office. This time he served a term in the State Senate; the following year he retired from his position in the militia.</p><br>
<p>The construction of Maizefield and Van Nesss subsequent redesignation of the small settlement nearby as Red Hook had helped promote the development of the future village, and in 1812 the state legislature created the Town of Red Hook by dividing what was then Rhinebeck relatively evenly, using an old land-grant boundary to create the line between the two towns today. Van Ness, one of the citizens who had likely petitioned the legislature for the separation, had served as Rhinebecks town supervisor on occasion. He was thus chosen as the first supervisor of the new town, and also repeated his earlier service as an elector in that year&#39;s presidential election.</p><br>
<p>He did not hold the office long, and in 1815 sold Maizefield, retiring to New York City where he died three years later. Subsequent owners, many of whom, like Van Ness, were members of prominent local families, began altering the property. The south wing and verandas likewise were added later in the century when they became popular. At some other point, the gabled roof was replaced with the current third story and flat-roof combination. Much of the original interior trim was replaced with newer styles in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The later owners began subdividing the property as well, further fueling the growth of the village. In 1849, one owner built on the property the small cottage at the southwest. A century later, research in a pattern book revealed that the architect commissioned was Alexander Jackson Davis.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s an advertisement for the sale of the house called it "Maizeland". That name is still the predominant in local usage, although the name Maizefield is still used as well. Maizefield was the name used by the 1960s owner of the house, who got it listed on the National Register under that name.</p><br>
<p>The last major change to the house came in the 1930s, when the west wing was removed. During the 1960s, the owner renovated it in preparation for its nomination to the Register. There have been no significant changes since, and it remains a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The Hendrick Martin House is located on Willowbrook Lane in the town of Red Hook, New York, United States, just north of the It is a stone house built in two phases in the mid- and late 18th century. In 2007 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It has been claimed by its present owners to be the oldest house in the town. Martin, who may not have been the original owner, was a second-generation Palatine German who chose to settle down in the area. The older sections of the house reflect German building traditions, not as common in the Hudson Valleys stone houses as Dutch ones. Later sections incorporating designs from other cultures present in the area by that period. In the 19th century it passed from the Martins ownership into others; the most recent owners have undertaken renovations that have both modernized it and brought it back to its original appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Building and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on an irregularly shaped 7.49 acre parcel on unpaved Willowbrook Lane, roughly a thousand feet (300 m) northwest of North Broadway (the old Albany Post Road, also part of USA Route 9). It is in the town of Red Hook, just north of the similarly named village; a small undeveloped southern corner of the property, approximately one acre (4,000 m), is within the village. At the property, the road bends to the north, towards a dead end at a Dutch barn that was on the Martin land in the past.</p><br>
<p>The terrain is gently rolling, with worked open fields on the east from which the Catskill Escarpment across the Hudson River can be seen. There is another, more modern house on the north side of Willowbrook midway between the Martin House and North Broadway. On the east the land is wooded, reflecting the presence of the Saw Kill, a tributary of the Hudson which bounds the property on the east. Between the house and the stream is a small pond and old farm road.</p><br>
<p>At the bend in Willowbrook, the driveway continues straight, curving around slightly downhill behind some large mature deciduous shade trees. The house is to its west, built into the gentle slope. The basement is thus exposed on the west (rear) elevation. On the southwest a small garden has been added by the current owners; it is considered a non-contributing resource to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The house itself is rectangular in plan, 49 ft (five bays) long by 33 ft deep, one and a half stories high, with the exposed basement giving it the feel of an additional story. It has two-foot-thick (2 ft) load-bearing walls of local rubblestone, the larger stones used to form quoins at the corners. A four-foot-deep (4 ft) timber frame addition on the east (front) elevation faced in clapboard. Atop the house is a side-gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles, pierced by two brick chimneys in the center. Its pitch levels a bit on the east, forming a shed-style roof over the frame addition.</p><br>
<p>On the east elevation is a centrally located main entrance, flanked with two modern wall lights. On either side are two eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows with wooden shutters in square openings. Those nearer the entrance are larger than the two outside windows. A drainpipe separates the two on the north. Three gabled dormer windows with six-over-six double-hung sash pierce the roof above.</p><br>
<p>The north side is faced entirely in stone. It has two windows in the center of each story, both six-over-six double-hung sash. The south side is stone to the roofline, above which it turns to brick laid in Flemish bond. At the west corner it has a door to which a pent-roofed wooden stair leads from the ground. Next to it is a modern solarium and a window set with six-over-six double-hung sash. Another similarly treated window in the gable apex. A casement window is on the west corner at basement level.</p><br>
<p>Two more doors are located on the west (rear) elevation. One leads to the basement; the other to the first floor, with a flight of wooden stairs. All the other bays have windows, either six-over-six double-hung sash windows similar to those elsewhere on the house or six-light casements. A large seam visible in the stoneworks next to the first-story entrance delineates the original section of the house from that added later on.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The main entrance is a paneled door set in a plain wooden surround. It opens into a central hall with a stone wall on the north side and a partition wall and enclosed staircase to the basement and attic on the south. The floors are timber; the ceilings have exposed beams which have in some instances been shaved and planed to create headroom. There is a large living room to the north, and two smaller rooms to the south.</p><br>
<p>On the south wall of the living room is a large brick Rumford fireplace with angled cheeks on the firebox. Its mantel is done in a vernacular Greek Revival style, with thin framing pilasters topped by a wide, plain entablature with a molded cornice and plain shelf. Shelving with wide-board sheathing fills out the stone wall to the west. All the other walls are plaster on metal lath over the original plastered stone.</p><br>
<p>The east room is the larger of the two southern rooms. It has a plainer fireplace with a shallow firebox in its west wall. Next to it is an original cupboard, with hand-planed wide-board doors hung on HL wrought iron hinges. A door on the east opens into a small room, currently used as a bathroom, in the front frame addition. In the smaller room to the west, the beams were not shaved down.</p><br>
<p>A similar central hallway divides the basement. On its north, the large space functions as a kitchen. Its fireplace has a brick firebox with a full-width hewn timber nailer across the top. Above it is the cradle for the hearth of the fireplace above. Its ceiling beams, too, retain their original dimensions. In the south room, used for handling the house&#39;s modern heating and electrical systems, there is another fireplace with an original brick bake oven next to it.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs from the main floor, the garret is used for bedrooms. Its ceilings were built at the height of the rafter collars. A slight break in the height of the floorboards corresponds with the masonry seam on the west wall, showing where the original house was added to. There is also evidence of the earlier smoke hood for the larger downstairs fireplace, and the north bedroom shows evidence of the stairway that once existed on that side of the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Martin family were probably among the Palatine Germans who fled that region of Germany for London in the late 17th century. The Palatinate had barely begun to recover from the Thirty Years War when the War of the Grand Alliance, also called the Nine Years War, broke out in 1688 and France invaded again. Ultimately 30,000 residents of the area made their way to London, and the Crown dealt with this growing population of the displaced in 1710 by resettling some of them elsewhere in the nascent British Empire.</p><br>
<p>One such plan put the refugees to work in lands in the Hudson Valley, acquired from the Dutch a few decades earlier, producing naval stores. However the mostly tropical plants that produced tar, rosin and pitch did not endure well in the region&#39;s harsh winters, and after a year or two the plan was abandoned. The settlers remained, and took note of the fertile farmlands available in New York. Some moved to other regions of the colony, but others remained in the area they had been brought to along the east bank of the Hudson in what is now the northwest corner of Dutchess County and southwestern Columbia County between Staatsburg and Germantown. They established farms amongst the local European colonial population, descended from Dutch and British settlers.</p><br>
<p>Among those who were relocated to the Hudson Valley in 1710 were Johan Heinrich Mertens and Catherine Esenroth. They met and married while living in West Camp, across the Hudson from Red Hook, in what is today the Ulster County town of Saugerties. Their first son, Hendrick, was born there five years later. In 1736, Hendrick himself married Elizabeth Emmerich; the couple at the time resided in Kaatsbaan, also in Saugerties.</p><br>
<p>An 1882 history suggests that the Martin house was built as early as 1730. But records show that all four of Hendrick Martin&#39;s children were baptized in Kaatsbaan, the last by 1743, suggesting the family had not moved across the river before that year. In 1751 the deed for the property which includes the house was recorded. It seems likely that the house was built near the latter end of that period.</p><br>
<p>As originally constructed, the house was the section to the north of the current main entrance, with a single room on each story. This layout is a common feature with other German-built stone houses from the same period in the area, such as the Stone Jug in Clermont, also listed on the Register, and the Kocherthal House in West Camp. All three are also built into banked terrain, creating partially exposed basements.</p><br>
<p>Some other features, while found on the other two houses, are not exclusive to German stone houses. The original stacked hearths, necessitated by the jambless fireplaces in place at that time, are also found on the Jan Van Hoesen House in the Columbia County town of Claverack and the Abraham Hasbrouck House, a contributing property to the Huguenot Street National Historic Landmark District across the river in New Paltz, in southern Ulster County. The former is of Dutch construction, the latter of Dutch-influenced Belgian Huguenot construction.</p><br>
<p>The Martin family prospered and grew. By 1770, based on the use of exposed beams that were not reduced in dimension, it was necessary to expand the house, something that had not been done to the other German-built houses in the region. The expansion plan followed the Dutch practice of extending the existing structure in one of its lateral directions rather than building a new section, story or wing, other than building the frame extension on the front, with its middle three bays open, creating a recessed porch. Other local cultural influences were present as well—the new section&#39;s fireplaces were in English styles.</p><br>
<p>In his will, Martin divided his property among his two younger sons, David and Gottlieb. By the 1790s records show that Henry, the oldest son, was living in the house, while Gottlieb was living nearby in a newer house that still stands near the intersection of Willowbrook and Broadway. David had apparently left the area after conveying the land on which Gottlieb built his house to his brother.</p><br>
<p>It is not known yet who owned the house through the middle of the next century. But around 1810, it is believed, the original Federal style mantel on the main fireplace was replaced with the current one. The same 1882 history that assesses the house as being built around 1730 claims that the house had never passed out of the Martin family, although Edward Martin, the family member living in the area at that time, appeared to be living in the house Gottlieb Martin had built rather than the older one, which was recorded as being the residence of E.L. Traver, another farmer and member of a prominent local family of longstanding residence in the area.</p><br>
<p>By the 1940s, photographs suggest that the recessed porch on the east had been enclosed, bringing the house to its current appearance. The Martins had sold it by then, and it had passed through a variety of owners, who were not always able to keep the aging house adequately maintained. At the end of the 20th century it was bought by its current owners, who spent a decade renovating and restoring before its listing on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Training Academy Dutch Barn is located at that institution on Turkey Hill Road in the town of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is a wooden structure built in two stages between 1790 and 1810. In 2007 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the last New World Dutch barns built in the Hudson Valley; by the time of its construction that building type had mostly been displaced by newer barn designs. It was extended northwards by a bay within 20 years of its construction. While it has been possible to determine this information, the original builder remains unknown. Since the mid-20th century the building has been on the campus of Parker Training Academy, part of the New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS).</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The barn is located at the academy grounds on the north side of Turkey Hill Road (Dutchess County Route 56), in the eastern portion of the town, roughly one quarter-mile (0.25 mi) from the boundary with the neighboring town of Milan), an area known as Cokertown. Terrain is gently rolling, with wetlands amid low hills, as the Hudson River valley begins to yield to the Taconic Mountains. Lakes Kill, a tributary of the Saw Kill, flows south to the west, just below its source at Spring Lake. Warackamac Lake is to the southwest on the town line. The area is rural in character, with a mix of cleared areas for farms, houses on large lots and woodlands.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is on the east side of the academys driveway, which runs north from Turkey Hill, about 150 ft from the road. To its west the driveway widens to include parking spaces on either side; the buildings of the rest of the academy complex are to the north. A side road south of the barn climbs gently up a hill to the academys watersphere on a nearby wooded ridge at the town line. Northeast of the barn is a small retention pond, which drains to Lakes Kill, partially fenced off on the north and west, with a large mowed lawn beyond between it and the nearest building.</p><br>
<p>Like all New World Dutch barns, the Parker Academy barn is a three-by-four-bay (30 by) wooden frame structure standing on a stone foundation sided in clapboard and topped by a front-gabled roof sheathed in standing-seam metal roofing nailed to the original wooden shingles. At each corner are plain cornerboards. The roof eaves slightly overhang the east and west sides but are flush on the others, with a plain fascia below. Several lightning rods are along the roof crest.</p><br>
<p>The south (front) facade has 12 ft double Dutch doors of vertical battens with cast iron strap hinges, four per section, in the center. In the middle of the upper section of both is a six-light square window, covered over for security purposes. There is evidence of a pentice having been located above the entrance in the past, and a dovecote having been in the gable apex.</p><br>
<p>To the east of the main entrance is a sliding wooden door, also made of vertical battens. Two large signs warning against unauthorized entrance to the barn are conspicuously displayed near the building&#39;s corners. Security is complemented by two modern floodlights at the roofline.</p><br>
<p>With the exception of one former door in the southwest corner, now boarded over, the east and west sides of the barn have no fenestration. A sign with the number "6" assigned to the barn by the academy for management purposes, is next to it. Near the north end of the west side, structural deterioration has exposed the foundation slightly, and some modern concrete blocks used to shore it up are visible. Some deterioration, and missing clapboards, are visible on the east side. The north (rear) elevation has a similar double Dutch wagon door with a modern poured concrete ramp due to the doors&#39; slight height above grade.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the barn&#39;s distinct structural system is visible. Five bents support the roof and walls; the two on the north and south ends support the studwork for the clapboard siding and entrance framing. They are braced twice: at the intersection of the post and tie beams, and again above the tie beam. Both upper and lower ties are connected to the anchor beams by mortise joints and pegs. A purlin-plate runs across the top of the bents, also mortised and braced. Below the tie beams another set of longitudinal braces links the bents, parallel to the purlin-plates.</p><br>
<p>Thick tongue and groove boards provide the threshing floor in the barn&#39;s center aisle. A raised wood platform, its floor level with the longitudinal braces, has been added to the east aisle. Below it is a concrete trough, and there is a small enclosure in the northwest section over the exposed, deteriorated section of the foundation.</p><br>
<p>Two sets of struts between the outer wall and the inner bents serve to delineate the side aisles. The outer walls are supported by braced uprights, and their plate in turn supports the rafters, which run continuously from there to the apex, staggered from the corresponding uprights. Above the rafters are the roof boards to which the original shingles and modern standing-seam metal is nailed. Most of the rafters are rough-hewn, lapped and pegged together at the apex; the newer ones in the northern quarter are only butted and nailed together there.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adapted from Dutch building traditions, the New World Dutch barn was common on many farms established by settlers from that country in the Hudson, Mohawk and Schoharie valleys during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Many of the Palatine Germans who settled the area around Red Hook, in northwestern Dutchess and southwestern Columbia counties, adopted it as well. Those that remain are primarily in the Hudson Valley, but some examples persist as far south as New Jersey and as far north as Canada.</p><br>
<p>The Dutch barn design reflects a pre-industrial era of agriculture. They were used by farmers whose main product was grain, primarily wheat, with a central threshing floor and side aisles to serve as small granaries. The bent framing system is its most distinctively Dutch aspect, in direct contrast to the more box-like approach to framing preferred by builders working from English traditions, which began to predominate in the region over the later 18th century. This lent them their distinctive one-and-a-half-story front-gabled appearance. Later, when farmers began to expand into dairy and other products requiring more complex techniques, the early Dutch barns were often expanded along English lines, their framing subsumed into larger buildings and their large front entrances replaced by smaller side doors.</p><br>
<p>Several features of the Parker Academy barn suggest that its construction took place much later than that initial wave, in the 1790s rather than the early decades of that century as is the case with many of the other extant Dutch barns. The tie beam lacks the projecting tenon found in earlier Dutch barns. On the exterior, the large wagon doors are on both north and south faces, which may reflect the expansion of the barn around 1810. Both the initial construction of the barn and its expansion at such late dates go against the contemporary trend towards English-style barns.</p><br>
<p>While it has been easy for architectural experts to determine these dates, it has not been as easy to find the name of the farmer who might have done the work. Property records for the area from before the mid-19th century are very limited, and a Teator family described as owning the land in 1876 cannot be conclusively matched with Teators listed as living in Red Hook by the 1820 census. Another family, by the name of Sommers, has also been mentioned as a landowner.</p><br>
<p>By 1951 it was in the hands of Delia Howard and Josephine Clarke. They sold the property that year to the state agency that has since evolved into the New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS). It was first run as a residential facility for those the agency served; today it is where its employees from around the state are trained to work in its facilities. It continues to preserve the barn and use it for some storage purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Pines is a historic home located at the hamlet of Pine Plains in the town of Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York. It was built in 1878 and is a large 2-story frame residence with a -story service wing designed in the Stick-Eastlake style. It has an asymmetrical appearance with projecting bays, cross gables, and porches. It features a steeply pitched, common lap slate roof, four corbeled chimney stacks with terra cotta pots, and a tower with a steeply pitched pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse in Albany, Georgia is a three-story building that was built during 1910–1912. Its architecture style is primarily Second Renaissance Revival architecture and is credited to USA Supervising Architect James Knox Taylor. It is perhaps one of Knox&#39;s last designed works; he retired as Supervising Architect in 1912.</p><br>
<p>It served historically as a courthouse and as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse in Bellingham, Washington, also known as the Federal Building, was built during 1912–13. It was designed by James Knox Taylor in Renaissance architecture style. It served historically as a courthouse, as a post office, and as a government office building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It is a 4-story 122 ft by 105 ft building.</p><br>
<p>The Ora Blanchard House is an historic house at the junction of Maine State Routes 16 and 27 in the center of Stratton, Maine, United States. Also known as Widow&#39;s Walk, this wood-frame house, built in 1892, is by far the most distinctive house in the small community, exhibiting a creative collection of Queen Anne features in a remote rural area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the Blanchard House is a -story wood-frame structure, resting on a granite foundation, with a hip roof topped by a widow&#39;s walk railing. A -story ell extends northward from this block, and joins it to a two-story barn with hip roof. The dominant feature of the house, located at its southwest corner, is a three-story octagonal tower which is topped by a bell-cast shingled roof. The first level of the tower is one-over-one sash windows above wood panels, and topped by a cornice with paired brackets. The second level has bands of decorative cut shingles, above which are windows and cornice as on the first level. Above this is an entablature band, which continues along the below the roof line of the main block, and which is studded with paired brackets. The third level begins with cut shingles, and has small-paned stained glass windows in each face.</p><br>
<p>The other prominent feature of the exterior is a single-story shed-roof porch, which extends along much of the length of the western facade, along the main block and the ell. It is supported by turned posts, and has a decorative frieze below the roofline. The leftmost bay of the main block on the western facade has a projecting polygonal bay on the second level, above which is a gable-roofed half-story dormer decorated with cut shingles and a half-round lunette window.</p><br>
<p>Stratton, with a population of several hundred, is still a remote and small country town where lumber was big business in the late 19th century. Oramendal "Ora" Blanchard owned the local sawmill, and later also owned the local water and power companies when they were established. The house he built in 1892 is a centrally-located and distinctive landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Isabel and Chester Greenwood House is an historic house at 112 Hill Street in Farmington, Maine. Built in 1896, it is an architecturally distinctive sophisticated Queen Anne Victorian. It is also notable as the home of Chester Greenwood, who invented the earmuff. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Greenwood House is a -story wood-frame structure, set on a wooded knoll between Maine State Route 27 and the Sandy River, south of downtown Farmington. The house as asymmetrical massing typical of the Queen Anne period, its most prominent feature being a three-story octagonal tower topped by a bellcast pyramidal roof. The lower levels of the tower have rectangular sash windows, while the third level has arched windows, a detail repeated in a large half-story gable project from the hip roof to the left of the tower. A single-story porch wraps around to the right of the tower, supported by turned posts. There is delicate sawn woodwork in a frieze band below the main roof, and in the front-facing gable. The interior of the building also features ornate woodwork characteristic of the period.</p><br>
<p>Chester Greenwood (1858-1937), is locally famous as the inventor of the earmuff, which were manufactured at a local factory and shipped across the colder parts of North America. Greenwood invented the earmuff at age 15, obtained a patent for it in 1877. He engaged in many other business endeavours in Farmingtion, including establishing its first telephone exchange (with equipment he manufactured), a bicycle factory, and a machine shop. His factory building still stands in Farmington on Front Street, as does the Greenwood Block in Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The Rangeley Public Library is located at 7 Lake Street in Rangeley, Maine. The library is privately owned by the non-profit Rangeley Library Association, and is open to the general public. It is located in an architecturally distinguished Romanesque Revival building designed by New York City architect Ambrose Walker and built in 1909, with a major addition in 2002. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library is set on the west side of Lake Street in the main village of Rangeley, a short distance south of Main Street (Maine State Route 4). Its original main block is a rectangular structure, stories in height with a full basement. It has a hip roof of metal and slate, walls of local fieldstone trimmed with granite, and a granite foundation. The front (east-facing) facade is three bays wide, with the entrance recessed in the center bay under an arch that extends into the roof line, adding an eyebrow. The flanking bays each have a large 12-over-12 window with flanking narrow 6-over-6 windows, set in large arched openings with granite sills. The sides of the building have similar windows. The interior of the original portion has retained a significant amount of original woodwork and decoration. A major addition, added in 2002, extends from the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>Rangeley&#39;s first library consisted of a donated set of books housed in a local retail establishment. The Rangeley Library Association was founded in 1907 to establish a permanent home and collection. The Romanesque Revival building was designed by New York City architect Ambrose Walker and dedicated in 1909; it is built entirely out of Maine materials, the fieldstone being locally sourced and the granite coming from North Jay. The library possessed a collection of 12,000 volumes in 1978, and now has more than 23,000.</p><br>
<p>The Cutler Memorial Library building houses the public library of Farmington, Maine. It is located at 117 Academy Street , between the downtown area and the campus of the University of Maine at Farmington. Its building, dedicated to the memory of Nathan Cutler, was built in 1901-03 as the town&#39;s first dedicated library building, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The library building is a small Beaux Arts stone structure, designed by Auburn architect William R. Miller and built in 1901–03. The exterior is made of granite quarried in North Jay, Maine. It is a basically L-shaped building, with its long sides facing Academy and High Streets, joined at the corner by a low circular tower with a low-pitch conical roof and spire. The original entrance, facing Academy Street, has a recessed wooden door flanked by Doric columns, with Ionic pilasters at the outside of the recessed area. The interior of the library has retained much of its original woodwork, including particularly elegant arches, pilasters, and molding in the tower section. A new lobby area was added to the building in 2000, designed by Richard Burt.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first library association was established in Farmington in 1865 as a subscription service for its shareholders. This organization failed in 1880, and in 1890 the Farmington Public Library Association was formed, renting space in the local Masonic hall. Founders of this association included John and Isaac Cutler, the latter of whom donated the funds for the construction of this building, which is named in honor of his father Nathan.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Franklin County’s first public library was established in 1845 at Keith’s Mills, currently a part of Chesterville. Some other libraries were constructed after that and the library in Farmington, the subject of this nomination, was one of them.</p><br>
<p>The Farmington Library Association was founded in 1865 and shares were sold to subscribers at $10.00 a share. The main portion of the library’s collection was the books that belonged to the old Philomathean Society. It is a reading group that has ceased to exist.</p><br>
<p>The Farmington Library Association was inoperative in 1880 but it was the forerunner of the current Farmington Public Library Association founded in 1890 with George C. Purington as its first president. The association voted to rent Room 6 in the Masonic Building as its headquarters in the fall. The rent of that room was $50.00 a year then. The library officially started its journey on February 14, 1891with Miss Mittie Fairbanks as librarian.</p><br>
<p>Two of the founding members were John L. and Isaac M. Cutler. Isaac made the first donation of 500 USD to the library in 1890. Mr. Purington recommended to Isaac Cutler a permanent memorial to his father, the Honorable Nathan Cutler. Isaac permitted the plans for submission with no regard to cost.</p><br>
<p>Dr. E.G. Merrill owned the selected site. His house was moved to the south side of Middle Street where it stands till date.</p><br>
<p>William R. Miller was the architect, he was a notable late nineteenth and early twentieth century Maine architect. He was born in 1866 in Durham, Maine. William R. Miller went to Bates College in Lewiston 2 years before specializing in architecture at M.I.T. Prior to opening his office in Auburn, Miller studied in Europe for a year. He designed numerous public buildings and residences in Auburn and in its adjoining city of Lewiston. Afterward, moving his operations to Portland, Miller formed the firm of Miller and Beal. At the end of an active architectural career in Maine, William R. Miller passed away there in December 1929 at the age of 66.</p><br>
<p>The Cutler Memorial Library’s gray granite came from the Maine and New Hampshire Granite Company quarries in North Jay. Vermont green slate was used on the roof. The polished oak woodwork of the interior was done by Joseph Matthew of Farmington, and the stonework was done by Horace Purington & Co. D.H. Currier of Chesterville did the foundation.</p><br>
<p>The Cutler Memorial Library beautifies the center of Farmington and is situated as a memorial to the Hon. Nathan Cutler and the citizens of Farmington who realized the dream of a permanent library come true.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler Hill Historic District is a federally recognized historic district located at Wappinger in Dutchess County, New York. Along the eastern shore of the Hudson River, atop of the Van Wyck Ridge is the "estates region of the Town of Wappinger". A scenic location, with roads lined with stone walls, properties greeting guests with magnificent stone pillars and iron gates, it includes 49 contributing buildings, 15 contributing sites, and four contributing structures. It encompasses the estates of Obercreek, Elmhurst, Edge Hill, Henry Suydam, William Crosby, and Carnwath that were developed between 1740 and 1940. Also included are two 18th century riverfront commercial structures, the Lent / Waldron Store and Stone House at Farmer&#39;s Landing.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. Today the historic district is mostly made up of residential houses, but Carnwath and Obercreek are opened to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Edge Hill</h2><br>
<p>Edgehill is one of the first properties developed as a country estate. In 1846 Henry Suydam purchased a farmhouse and a parcel of surrounding land from Job Angel for a country estate. The brother of artist James Augustus Suydam, Henry Suydam was descended from an old New York merchant family. His parents were Jane (née Mesier) Suydam and John Suydam, who was considered "one of the old Knickerbocker merchants" and was head of Suydam & Wycoff. Henry Suydam started a successful tea business before retiring some time in his 40s to turn to his private interests of writing and art. Henry Suydam was an artist in his own right, whose works are displayed at the National Academy of Design. In 1882 he privately published a book detailing the history of his mother&#39;s family, the Mesiers, combined with a history of the Zion Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>The original house was built in 1810. It was remodeled in the 1840s in the Greek Revival style then popular. The estate covered seventy-five acres. Henry Suydam&#39;s daughter Emily married Dr. Clarence Satterlee, brother of Rev.Henry Y. Satterlee, rector of Zion Episcopal Church in Wappingers Falls, The Satterlees lived at Edge Hill in the 1860s and 1870s. In 1871, Dr. Satterlee, who also had a residence on E20th St in New York City, was assistant surgeon for the NYS 84th Infantry Regiment. In 1891, Satterlee sold Edge Hill to William R. Sands, brother of Samuel Stevens Sands, and partner with him in S.S. Sands & Co. Samuel Sands had established the nearby Elmhurst estate some years earlier.</p><br>
<h2>Elmhurst</h2><br>
<p>Samuel S. Sands built "Elmhurst" in 1865. Sands was a banker and broker in partnership with William Henry Reese and joined the New York Stock Exchange in 1854. He acted as broker for a number of important financial interests, including the Astors. Sands died at the age of sixty-six at his country estate, "Elmhurst", July 26, 1892. By the mid-1900s, the United Church of Christ operated a church on the property. Since no physical church building was ever constructed, they conducted services at an outdoor pulpit. The property formerly housed the Deer Hill Conference Center, and later The Chapel of Sacred Mirrors, an art sanctuary created by artists, Alex Grey and Allyson Grey.</p><br>
<h2>Carnwath</h2><br>
<p>Carnwath was originally built in 1850 for William and Lydia Willis, relatives of the Mesier family in nearby Wappingers Falls. The estate was named from a Manor home set in Scotland. Willis was a retired hardware merchant from New York City. He sold the Carnwath Manor and the rest of the 200 acre estate after the Civil War to General George Barclay and then built Obercreek. In 1870, General Barclay sold Carnwath to his son-in-law, Francis Robert Rives. Wheeler Hill Road was once known as Rives Avenue or hill.</p><br>
<p>Rives constructed the Carriage House in 1873 to hold some of the finest carriages and stable horses in the entire country. Later his son, Reginald, inherited the estate, he was elected supervisor of Wappinger in 1900. Around 1910 the property was sold to Isaac Untermyer, who was famous for defending William "Boss" Tweed. By the 1920s the Augustinians purchased the property and built the dormitory building and chapel in the mid-1950s. The property was purchased by the Town of Wappinger in 1999 as a park, with hopes to restore the Carnwath Manor, Carriage House, and other structures on the property. It is also home to the Sports Museum of Dutchess County which was dedicated in 2005 along with the Frances Reese Cultural Center (dormitory) by Hillary Clinton, and the soon to be the home of the Town of Wappinger Museum & Visitor Center. The Frances Reese Cultural Center and the Carnwath Chapel at this time are the only buildings on site that are open to the public, with the sports museum, a gift shop, small video viewing room, and snack bar. Friends of Carnwath maintains and holds events at the estate.</p><br>
<h2>Obercreek</h2><br>
<p>Obercreek was built by William H. Willis in 1856 as their new home after they sold Carnwath just down the road. Since the Willis&#39; were related to the Mesiers the estate was passed down to them and finally to the Reese family who presented plans for development of the property to the Town in 2007. Today a portion of the estate is open to the public every weekend with an organic market and for events associated with the newly restored Obercreek CSA.</p><br>
<h2>William Crosby Estate</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-nineteenth century, the Crosby House was owned by G.C. Satterlee. The Satterlees were linked by marriage to the Suydam family, owners of the Suydam House. Located on the east side of Wheeler Hill Road, the former Crosby Estate is now the location of several private stone residences and the Tall Trees subdivision. It stood until the early 1900s until a fire burned it to the ground. According to several residents whose houses are located on the former Crosby Estate, a disgruntled servant was left in charge of the mansion while the family was away in Europe. He burned it down and pieces of the house and personal belongings can still be found on the site today.</p><br>
<h2>Farmers Landing</h2><br>
<p>Shortly after Francis Rombout (the original grantee of the Rombout Patent) died, his partner Gulian Verplanck was given the northern portion of the patent. By 1750, his descendant, William Verplanck, was given a portion of the patent and constructed a stone homestead and mill in Fishkill Plains on the Sprout Creek. He also constructed a small stone structure on the Hudson River which was used to sell and ship out wheat and other crops to cities and consumers. This location later became known as Farmers Landing. The house is also known as being hit with a cannonball from a British Naval ship on its way to burn the City of Kingston. Today it is a private residence on Old Troy Road and can be seen from the MTA Hudson Line railroad</p><br>
<p>A few rods below the house are the remains of an old dock...Before the waterfront at New Hamburgh was improved it was the landing place for passengers and freight consigned to Wappingers Falls. In those days a prosperous freighting business was carried on by means of sloops which plied between here and New York carrying produce of the surrounding country while packets sloops conveyed passengers...The Clermont…also landed here on her regular trips from New York to Albany. …The advent of the Hudson River Railroad and larger and more commodious steamboats made it unprofitable to continue the business and it was abandoned as a freighting place.</p><br>
<p>Rokeby, also known as La Bergerie, is a historic estate and federally recognized historic district located at Barrytown in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It includes seven contributing buildings and one contributing structure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the main house was built 1811–1815. Construction was interrupted by the War of 1812 when John Armstrong Jr. (1758-1843), the owner, served as a Brigadier General, Minister to France, and later as US Secretary of War under James Madison. When the British burned Washington DC in 1814, Armstrong received much of the blame, as he had previously insisted that the British would not attack Washington and failed to properly provide for the defense of the city; he consequently retired to finish building his estate on the Hudson River in 1815. The Armstrongs originally called their home "La Bergerie," French for "the sheepfold," as they were raising a large herd of Merino sheep which had been a gift from Napoleon Bonaparte.</p><br>
<p>In 1818, Armstrongs daughter, Margaret Rebecca, married William Backhouse Astor, Sr. (1795–1875), son and main heir of John Jacob Astor. In 1836, William Astor purchased the 728-acre estate from his father-in-law for $50,000. The portion of the property containing the Mudder Kill is said to have reminded Margaret Astor of the glen in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem, Rokeby, and she changed the estate&#39;s name from "La Bergerie" to "Rokeby."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Evidence suggests that the overall plan was designed by John Armstrong himself. It started as a rectangular, 2-story structure with a hipped roof topped by a square, pyramidal-roofed cupola. The house had a three-bay front facade with five-bay side elevations in the Federal style. There is a central entrance and interior hall which opens into three rooms on each side, and a curved staircase was located at the back of this hall. The staircase returned and entered a rectangular hall with a large skylight (known as a clerestory) on the second floor. The four front bedrooms were accessed from this hall. There was originally a second straight staircase that led from grade to an elaborate door with sidelights on the second floor which was open to the main hall. Due to later alterations, this feature is now completely enclosed. On the other side of the door there is now a small vestibule, an arched passage, and a small flight of stairs descending to the main staircase. It features a Palladian window on the southeast face of the second story. A -story addition constructed of fieldstone was built about 1816.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-19th century William Backhouse Astor enlarged the house from 20 rooms to 48, in brick with brownstone trim, with a semi-octagonal tower on the west side, a north wing, and a third floor throughout the building. Numerous additions were made between 1857–1858. These include the front columned veranda and brownstone Renaissance Revival staircase. The mansard roof, tower, and service wing were also additions from this period. The spectacular Gothic Revival library contained within the tower is reminiscent of the work of Alexander Jackson Davis. Architect and Chanler family friend Stanford White was hired to enlarge the west drawing room and to install the clerestory in 1895.</p><br>
<p>The landscaping was improved about 1846 by Hans Jacob Ehlers, who removed a nearby hill to permit a view of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<h2>Residents</h2><br>
<p>John Armstrong Jr. lived at Rokeby following his retirement in 1814 until his death at home in 1843, and is buried in the cemetery in Rhinebeck. William and Rebecca Astor&#39;s daughter Emily married Samuel Cutler Ward, brother of Julia Ward Howe. Their daughter, Margaret Astor Ward (1838-1875) married John Winthrop Chanler (1826-1877).</p><br>
<p>The house was later home to the Astor Orphans, the children of John and Margaret, both of whom died of pneumonia. They left instructions that their ten children were to be raised at Rokeby. Most of them grew up to become well known in politics or the arts. John Winthrop Chanler&#39;s will provided $20,000 a year for each child for life (equivalent to $470,563 in 2018 dollars), enough to live comfortably by the standards of the time. They included:</p><br>
<p>John Armstrong "Archie" Chanler (1862-1935), who married and later divorced novelist Amélie Louise Rives</p><br>
<p>Winthrop Astor Chanler (1863-1926), who served in the Rough Riders in Cuba and was wounded at the Battle of Tayacoba</p><br>
<p>Emily Astor Chanler (1864-1872), who died of scarlet fever</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Astor Winthrop Chanler (1866-1937), who married author John Jay Chapman</p><br>
<p>William Astor Chanler (1867-1934), soldier, politician and explorer who married actress Minnie Ashley.</p><br>
<p>Marion Ward Chanler (1868-1883), who died of pneumonia</p><br>
<p>Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler (1869-1942), politician who married Julia Lynch Olin (1882–1961).</p><br>
<p>Margaret Livingston Chanler (1870-1963), who served as a nurse with the American Red Cross during the Spanish–American War and who married Richard Aldrich (1863–1937)</p><br>
<p>Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872-1930), artist who married and later divorced Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri (1874–1944)</p><br>
<p>Alida Beekman Chanler (1873-1969) who married Christopher Temple Emmet.</p><br>
<p>Egerton White Chanler (1874–1882), who died of a brain tumor</p><br>
<p>As the eldest son, John Armstrong Chanler inherited the property with all its stock, books, pictures, furniture, and personal property, on his twenty-first birthday in 1883, along with $100,000 (equivalent to $2,352,813 in 2018 dollars) for its maintenance, however after his marriage began to disintegrate, he moved to Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina. By agreement of the siblings, Margaret Livingston Chanler bought their shares in the estate during the 1890s. Her grandson Richard Aldrich inherited the estate upon her death in 1963. It is currently owned by the Aldrich family.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, former resident and Astor heiress Alexandra Aldrich (great-granddaughter of Margaret Livingston Chanler) published The Astor Orphan, a memoir set at Rokeby.</p><br>
<p>The house is currently the home to various artists and writers, including Processional Arts Workshop. It is also the site of the Shoving Leopard organic farm.</p><br>
<p>Ragnar Kjartansson&#39;s The Visitors (2012), an approximately hour-long video-performance, was filmed on location at Rokeby. Rokeby was the site of an earlier 2007 piece by Kjartansson, titled The Blossoming Trees Performance, during which he recorded himself as a plein air painter for two days. The estate has also been used by other artists, due to the unique interiors of the main house on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Photos of La Bergerie by Mark Zeek, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Iowa Reform Building is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adolph Petersen founded The Iowa Reform, a newspaper that first appeared in Davenport in 1884. Members of the Petersen family were the publishers and editors of the paper from its inception until it ceased publication. They included Adolph and his brother Gerhard, and they were followed by Robert Petersen. Adolph Petersen lived in the apartment above the shop. The paper initially carried a strong Democratic point of view, but eventually went independent. It was a semi-weekly publication that served the German community of the Tri-City area, which is now known as the Quad Cities. The Reform&#39;s peak circulation was 4,000 in 1912. Unlike other German publications, it survived the anti-German sentiments that resulted from World War I. By 1939 it was the only German-language paper left in Iowa, and it had a circulation of 3,240. However, it could not survive those same sentiments that resulted from World War II and the paper folded in 1943.</p><br>
<p>The building itself was built for the Iowa Reform in the heart of the German commercial district on the west side of downtown Davenport. The building has housed various commercial enterprises since the newspaper folded.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Iowa Reform Building is a two-story structure that is built of brick on a stone foundation. Its English basement is a unique feature. The workrooms and press rooms for the newspaper were located here and the large windows allowed natural light and ventilation to the basement. The storefront features cast-iron columns and two entrances that are accessed by iron steps and handrails. All are believed to be original to the building. The widows of the storefront were altered in a 1998 renovation. The buildings second floor is defined by the placement of stone banding above and below the windows. Above the top banding is the building&#39;s cornice. The bottom part of the cornice is built of brick and it is topped by a molded metal cornice that features an egg and dart pattern.</p><br>
<p>The Donahue Building is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Donahue Building was built around 1880 to house the Ed H. Gifford steam laundry. By 1892 the Sanborn Fire Insurance Company lists the property as a Turkish Bath. It was at this time that the Davenport Water Company moved into the building. Michael Donahue organized the company and the building is named for him. By 1912 the Walsh-Kahl Construction Company occupied the building. They were known nationally for their work building railroads. They built Union Station in Buffalo, New York, Penn Station in South Bend, Indiana, and Union Station in Erie, Pennsylvania. Locally, they constructed the Kahl Building and Davenport Bank and Trust. Today it houses Boozies Bar and Grille.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Donahue Building is a three-story structure that is built on top of a raised basement. Both the building and its basement are constructed of brick. When the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places it was considered an excellent example of Romanesque Revival architecture. It was re-evaluated in 2005 as an excellent example of the Italian Renaissance Revival, which is found in the tall narrow windows with the Roman arch windows and the central projecting pavilion. It is also a rare example in the state of Iowa of a basement level storefront.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Water Co. Pumping Station No. 2, also known as the Ripley Street Pumping Station No. 2, is a historic building located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The facility was originally built in 1884 to address problems with the citys water system, and had a reservoir that could hold 5 million US gallons of water. The building was subsequently replaced in 1986 by a smaller plain structure on the same property facing West 14th Street. Despite being replaced, the station remains an important part of Davenports history, as it was an essential component of the city&#39;s water system and contributed to the growth of its residential areas above the bluff line from 1880 to 1920.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Unlike most other municipalities in Iowa, Davenport has always had a privately run water company. A waterworks was first proposed for the city in 1856. However, the Davenport Water Company was not formed until 1873 under the leadership of Michael P. Donahue, who was granted an exclusive franchise with the city. Initially, they installed 20 mi of water mains and 245 hydrants throughout the city. The system was used to fight its first fire in 1874 and it was promoted as a way to fight cholera.</p><br>
<p>There were some problems with the new water system in Davenport. Water pressure was significantly lowered if the hydrants were used to fight a fire. In 1884 the company built the Ripley Street Pumping Station No. 2. The facility had a reservoir that can hold 5 e6USgal of water. The pumping system was operated by a vertical set of compound Clapp and Jones Pumps and a set of Duplex Gordon Steam Pumps.</p><br>
<p>By 1892 the company had expanded the water system to 37 mi of water mains and 400 hydrants. A mechanical filtering system installed the previous year helped make the company&#39;s product more saleable and more properties in the city were converted from private wells. Another pumping station was built around the turn of the 20th century along East River Drive near the Village of East Davenport.</p><br>
<p>This facility is significant because of its association with the development of the Davenport Water Company and the growth of the residential areas of the city above the bluff line in the period of 1880-1920. It was further enhanced by the building&#39;s continued original use and retaining most of its integrity.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior treatment of Pumping Station #2 was similar to many other late 19th-century industrial buildings in Davenport. It featured brick construction, walls that were articulated as panels by pilasters, and a simple corbel table. The use of buff-colored brick for the window heads was less common. The building was also more ornate at one time. The two-story pavilion section had a crested, mansard roof. Until about 1890 only the three-panel south wing was in existence. The north wing and the extension of the south wing by two panels were later additions.</p><br>
<p>The M.V. Gannon House was a historic home located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>M.V. Gannon</h2><br>
<p>Michael Valentine Gannon was a prominent lawyer, politician, and publisher. He was born in Dublin on February 14, 1846, the third of three children born to Michael and Catherine (O&#39;Brien) Gannon. His father died when M.V. was three months old. He was educated in the local common schools. Before he immigrated to the United States, Gannon led a group of Irish patriots to liberate Fenian prisoners from Kilmain Hall, Castle Kilrain.</p><br>
<p>Gannon arrived in the US in October 1866 and lived for almost a year in New York City. After he came to what was then known as the Tri Cities, he taught in a school in Rock Island, Illinois and then became the principal of St. Marguerite&#39;s School in Davenport. In the 1870s he started the first Catholic newspaper in the region, the Iowa Catholic Advocate. He also contributed poetry and prose to other papers including the Rock Island Argus, St. Louis Western Watchman, and the New York Freeman’s Journal. Gannon was admitted to the bar in 1872 and began his political career in the late 1870s as a Democrat. He was elected an alderman in Davenport. In 1881 he took the leadership of the First Davenport Branch of the Irish National Land League of America. Gannon was elected as the local district attorney in 1882. In 1884 he lost the election for Attorney General of Iowa. Throughout his life, Gannon was noted for his speaking skills especially when he spoke in favour of Irish independence.</p><br>
<p>Gannon was married three times and had nine children. His first wife was Addie Hodges of Geneseo, Illinois. She died four years later and the couple had no children. After several years he married Cecelia Jordan, a school teacher from Davenport. They had five children. She died in 1884. Ten years later he married Mary Johnson of Cable, Illinois. She was the daughter of one of his best friends, Michael Johnson. Gannon, Johnson and his family, immigrated from Ireland together. Mary was five years old at the time. She died in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Gannon moved from Davenport to Omaha, Nebraska in 1887 and then to Chicago in 1902. He was an active leader in the Irish community in both cities. In 1891 he was elected as President of the Irish National Land League. In 1905 he returned to Davenport and continued his work as an orator and supporter for the Irish cause. He also resumed his law partnership with A.P. McGuirk. Gannon continued to practice law until three years before he died. After he retired he made a return trip to his native Ireland. He died in his home on Charlotte Avenue in Davenport on March 7, 1926.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Gannon&#39;s house on Farnham Street was Italianate in design. He lived here in the years before he relocated to Omaha. Architecturally, it was less significant than the man who lived there. It featured a hipped roof, bracketed eaves and fancy scroll work on the front porch. The front of the house at one time featured three bays with the main entrance in the left bay. The windows on the front of the building were altered on the first and second floors in later years. The house has subsequently been torn down. A sign placed by the Celtic Heritage Trail of the Quad Cities marks the location of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Old City Hall, also known as Oxford Flats, is located just north of downtown along a commercial corridor in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Davenport architect Willett Carroll, the building was built in 1857 as an engine house for a fire company. That year the city council rejected sites along Washington Square and Court House Square for a new city hall, so in early 1858 the engine house&#39;s hall became the council chambers and other municipal offices were moved into other sections of the building. It continued to be used as a combination city hall and fire station until Hose Station No. 1 was built in 1877. A significant number of local industrialists and professionals served as mayor when this building housed city hall. They include George B. Sargent (1857), Ebeneezer Cook (1858–59), Hiram Price (1859), George H. French (1861-1862), John L. Davies (1865-1866), Michael Donahue (1867-1868), John C. Bills (1871, 1882, 1892), Ernest Claussen (1883-1889), and C. A. Ficke (1890-1891). The current city hall was built in 1895 and five years later the city sold this building to John Ochs’ Sons realty. The building was converted around 1910 into a residential building containing six flats, and the structure was dramatically altered to its present appearance. It was renamed Oxford Flats and it reflected the trend of building apartment buildings on the edge of the downtown area. While the structure is the oldest building in Davenport that is associated with municipal government and politics, it remains an apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>When it was originally built it exhibited elements of the Italian Renaissance Revival style, and it included a tower on top of the east elevation. It now reflects the Neoclassical style. The three-story, three bay, brick building was built on a stone foundation. The façade is dominated by a two-story polygonal oriel window that is ornamented with fleur-de-lis. The post and lintel entrance is on the left side of the east elevation, which is capped by a projecting cornice. The west elevation is topped with a half-hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>Oppenheim and St. Johnsville Union Society Church, also known as Crum Creek Evangelical Lutheran Church, is a historic Lutheran church at 110 County Highway 108 in Crum Creek, Fulton County, New York. It was built in 1853 and is a -story, rectangular frame building, three bays wide and five bays deep. It has a polychrome slate roof, rests on a cut limestone foundation, and is clad in brick added in 1907. It features a square, open belfry with four sawn Gothic spires. The last church service in the building was held in September 2009.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Moore-Howland Estate is a historic estate complex located at Catskill in Greene County, New York. The property includes a large estate house that was constructed during two major building programs in 1866 and 1900–1901. A number of small additions, alterations, and interior remodeling occurred between the 1920s and the present. It is a long, rambling building, one and one half to two and one half stories tall. The first floor is built of stone, with wood frame and board and batten siding above. There is an octagonal, wood shingled water tower near the northwest corner. In addition to the main house there are seven contributing dependencies: a carriage house, garden house, pump house, tool shed, gazebo, well house, and foundation of an original barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Torry-Crittendon Farmhouse is a historic home located at Durham in Greene County, New York. It was built about 1799 and renovated in the Greek Revival style about 1850. It is a -story, heavy timber-frame rectangular house with a central chimney. It is five bays wide and two bays deep on a stone foundation. It was built for William Torry, an American Revolutionary War veteran and one of the town&#39;s early settlers. It was purchased by Phares Chittenden in 1830.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Pillsbury Mountain Forest Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Pillsbury Mountain summit at Arietta in Hamilton County, New York. The tower was built in 1924 by the Aermotor Windmill Company and the associated observer&#39;s cabin and shed in 1950. The lookout tower measures 69 feet tall.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Overlook, also known as the Burrell Mansion, is a historic home located at Little Falls in Herkimer County, New York. It was designed by architect Archimedes Russell  and built about 1889 for industrialist and inventor David H. Burrell . It is a three-story, asymmetrical masonry building. It features three full height towers, two rounded with conical roofs and one polygonal. Also on the property is a contributing carriage house and caretaker&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Alcoa Care-free Home is a historic home located at Brighton in Monroe County, New York. It was designed by Charles M. Goodman  and is one of 24 Alcoa Care-free Homes listed in their sales brochure of 1957 that were built for a demonstration project and the. It is a one-story, Ranch-style house with 1,900 ft&sup2; of living space, a carport, and a full basement. It is 91 ft long and 36 ft wide. It is of post and beam construction with a shallow pitched, side gabled roof. It features end walls constructed completely of plate glass framed by aluminum and supported by wood columns that are clad in aluminum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Simeon Sage House is a historic home located at Scottsville in Monroe County, New York. It was built about 1830 and consists of a 1-story, five-by-two-bay, rectangular main block with a smaller 1-story rectangular rear wing in a vernacular Federal style. There are later Greek Revival style modification. It is an example of a working man&#39;s cottage. It serves as home to the Wheatland Historical Association and a rectangular, frame educational facility and meeting room were added in 2000.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District is located in Hartford City, Indiana. Hartford City has a population of about 7,000 and is the county seat of Blackford County and the site of the county courthouse. The National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior added the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2006—meaning the buildings and objects that contribute to the continuity of the district are worthy of preservation because of their historical and architectural significance. The District has over 60 resources, including over 40 contributing buildings, over 10 non-contributing buildings, one contributing object , eight non-contributing objects, and two other buildings that are listed separately in the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Much of the Districts significance relates to the discovery of natural gas in the east central region of Indiana. The discovery led to a regional economic boom known as the Indiana Gas Boom. Beginning in the late 1880s and lasting for about 15 years, the Gas Boom changed the economy and the appearance of the region. The Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District is situated in what was the center of Hartford City in the 19th and 20th centuries, and most of the buildings within the District were constructed during the Gas Boom era. The buildings within the District were built in several architectural styles, including Commercial Italianate, Romanesque Revival, Renaissance Revival, and others. Many of the buildings exteriors have not been changed from their original appearance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hartford City began in the late 1830s as a few log cabins near a creek in East Central Indiana. The community was originally named Hartford. This was later changed to "Hartford City" after it was discovered that another "Hartford" already existed elsewhere in Indiana. The East Central Indiana version of Hartford was named county seat of Blackford County early in its existence, thereby ensuring its importance. It took over 40 years for the rural community to grow to a population of nearly 1,500. During that time, community planners had the foresight to plan for railroads, which linked the community to other cities, beginning in the 1860s. With a focus on agriculture, the entire county had only 171 people working in manufacturing as of June, 1880.</p><br>
<p>Hartford City Gas and Oil Company was formed in February 1887, and the company found natural gas in March of the same year. Surnames of some of the directors of this company can be found on the District&#39;s buildings today — Campbell, Smith, Dowell, and Weiler. Both oil and natural gas were discovered in the county in 1887, and the city began a period of rapid growth. Described as the "future metropolis of Eastern Indiana", the city successfully used its railroad facilities and abundant natural gas resource as enticements for manufacturers to locate there, and became a boom town. Hartford City was not alone with its good fortune — natural gas (and some oil) had also been discovered in adjacent counties. The entire East Central Indiana region was transformed during a fifteen to twenty-year period that became known as the Indiana Gas Boom, as manufacturers moved to the area.</p><br>
<p>Upon examination of Hartford Citys infrastructure, the Gas Booms transformation of the city is apparent. The wooden buildings surrounding the courthouse prior to the Gas Boom were vulnerable to fire, and the District had at least three major fires between 1871 and 1881. During the Gas Boom, wooden buildings were torn down and replaced with brick buildings. The courthouse was replaced with a magnificent stone and brick structure (see recent photo herein). Eventually, an interurban rail line ran by the east side of the courthouse square, providing easy access to the courthouse square commercial district and adding to the two rail lines that already served the city. The Gas Booms economic transformation of the city is also apparent when examining the citys population. By 1900, the city had grown to a population of 5,912. Over 1,200 people worked in manufacturing in Hartford City in 1902 — and this was in addition to the bankers, merchants, physicians, and lawyers necessary for a growing population. These population and manufacturing figures are considerably larger than the pre-Gas Boom figures for 1880.</p><br>
<p>The gas and oil became depleted in the early 20th century, and the Gas Boom era came to an end. However, Hartford City was permanently changed. The citys infrastructure was vastly improved. Buildings in the commercial district surrounding the courthouse square were made of brick and stone instead of wood. A municipal waterworks was built in 1894. Telephones became available to Hartford Citys surrounding rural areas in 1903. By 1914, 98 percent of the houses in Hartford City were wired for electricity. Roads were being paved, and the interurban line made it easier to travel to/from other cities. While some of the manufacturing facilities that depended on a low-cost source of fuel were closed after the boom, others remained in the city because they did not have a better alternative. A city that had very few manufacturing jobs now had a supply of skilled manufacturing personnel. Some of this skilled workforce remained in the city after the boom, while some found new occupations in the automobile and auto parts manufacturing facilities that were beginning to be located in nearby cities.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Three styles of architecture are well represented in the collection of buildings that are part of the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District: Commercial Italianate, Renaissance Revival, and Romanesque Revival. A few examples of the Queen Anne style can also be found. Grouped together, these styles are called Victorian architecture, and buildings constructed in these styles during the 19th century are more likely to have decorative ornamentation (such as the face-like object from the east side of the Weiler Building shown herein) than buildings constructed later in the 20th century. Because many of the Districts buildings were constructed during the Gas Boom era (between 1885 and 1905), these styles of architecture are more prevalent than the styles that became popular later in the 20th century. However, additional architecture styles are also represented. An outstanding example of the Art Deco style can be found in the districts Scheidler Theatre, and the Post Office is the single outstanding example of the Neoclassical style. The commercial building at 210 East Washington Street is the District&#39;s sole representative of the Art Moderne style of architecture.</p><br>
<p>Romanesque Revival architecture was very popular in Hartford City, and at least 7 of the Districts contributing buildings were built using this style. This style of architecture is known for round arches in many of the openings. Smooth surfaces, sometimes with belt courses are also typical. A variation of the Romanesque Revival architectural style known as Richardsonian Romanesque was popular in America near the end of the 19th century, when much of the construction around Hartford Citys courthouse took place. The courthouse and Presbyterian Church are outstanding examples of Henry Hobson Richardson&#39;s variation in Romanesque Revival style. (See photos herein.) A corner tower, arched windows, recessed entrances, steeply pitched roofs, and multiple exterior textures (rustication) are typical of this style of architecture. The Richardsonian Romanesque buildings differ from the original Romanesque Revival buildings by having rough-textured exterior surfaces instead of all-smooth surfaces. The Hotel Ingram, Kirshbaum, and Weiler buildings were built in Romanesque Revival style with arched windows and multiple exterior textures, but they were not identified in the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form as Richardsonian (see photos of all three buildings herein.)</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>Located in the original center of the community, the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District includes significant portions of the citys historic commercial district. The town was platted using the Public Land Survey System typical of Northwest Ordinance communities — with rectangular blocks, and streets running north–south and east–west. Hartford Citys layout of a courthouse surrounded by an open area was a common design in the "Midwest" of the United States. The Courthouse Square Historic District includes the courthouse and surrounding blocks. Franklin Street is the northernmost street in the district, and Water Street borders part of the southern part of the district. The west side is past High Street almost to Walnut Street, and the east side reaches half a block past Monroe Street toward Mulberry Street.</p><br>
<p>The adjacent diagram shows the district and its buildings. (The buildings may not be exactly to scale.) The property locations shown in orange are the sites of outstanding buildings of historic and/or architectural significance. Two of these buildings, the Blackford County Courthouse and the First Presbyterian Church, are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The locations shown in bright green are for buildings considered notable in historic or architectural significance, and the buildings sites (and one monument) denoted in pale green contribute to the continuity of the district. The dark gray locations are for properties that do not contribute to the historic district. At least two contributing buildings have been torn down since the Courthouse Square District was added to the National Register. Two additional Gas Boom era buildings located nearby and often mentioned in Hartford City history, the Van Cleve Block and the Cooley Block, were gone by the time the District was nominated for the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Outstanding properties</h2><br>
<p>The Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, which has since been renamed Indiana Landmarks, identified seven properties within the Courthouse Square Historic District that have enough historic or architectural significance to potentially be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. These properties have been assigned a rating of "outstanding", which is the top rating. The properties are assessed for their historic significance, architectural merit, environment, and integrity. All seven of the outstanding properties listed here are contributing properties to the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District, and two have already been listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Blackford County Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The Blackford County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1980. Like most of the other buildings in the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District, the Blackford County Courthouse was built during the Indiana Gas Boom. The county&#39;s original courthouse was condemned in 1893, and removed to enable the construction of a new all-stone structure. The courthouse was built by Christian Boseker & Son in 1894. Designed by Arthur LaBelle and Burt L. French (of Marion, Indiana), the courthouse features the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture. (See adjacent photo.) The building has two main entrances (north side and south side) that both open into a main hall. The walls feature marble paneling, and the ceilings are covered with paneled steel. (Fireproofing was an important consideration for the courthouse construction plan.) The magnificence in architecture and size of the courthouse dominates downtown Hartford City. The Blackford County Courthouse reflects the wealth of the city during the Gas Boom, and could be considered a monument to that era. A Civil War monument was added in 2006.</p><br>
<h3>First Presbyterian Church</h3><br>
<p>Hartford City&#39;s First Presbyterian Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1986. The building was designed by local architect Alec Gable, and built in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Another monumental building built during the Indiana Gas Boom, construction of the church building started in 1892, and was completed in 1893. The church is the oldest church building in Hartford City. Located at the corner of Franklin and High Streets, the structure features huge stained-glass windows that were installed by local glass workers. (See photo herein.) The chapel contains features a pipe organ that was partially funded by a donation made by businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. With only one major addition to the original structure, the exterior of the building looks almost the same as it did in the 1890s.</p><br>
<h3>Other outstanding properties</h3><br>
<p>Blackford County Jail The Blackford County Jail was completed in 1879, and it is considered an outstanding example of the Italianate style of architecture. It is located at 120 East Main Street. The jail is the Courthouse District&#39;s oldest contributing building still in existence. T. G. Tolan and Son was the architectural firm, and the firm of Hinkley and Norris (of Indianapolis) was the builder.</p><br>
<p>Campbell Building The Campbell Building was built in the Renaissance Revival style in 1901. The two-story building is crowned with a large gable that bears a limestone tablet that reads "1901 Campbell". This building has the addresses of 207 through 211 West Washington Street. This building was originally an office building, and some of the occupants in the early 1900s were an attorney, a dentist, insurance agents, a physician, a realtor, and a steamship agent.</p><br>
<p>Ervin Building The Ervin Building was built in the Queen Anne style around 1890. It occupies the addresses of 201 through 205 West Washington Street. The facade of this corner building features three oriel windows. The name "Ervin" appears in stained-glass in the center of the building. The Campbell & Ervin dry goods store was housed in this building in the 1890s and early 1900s. The store sold clothing, hats, and shoes. (See 2010 photo herein)</p><br>
<p>Kirshbaum Building The Kirshbaum Building was built in the Romanesque Revival style in 1893. It is located on the corner of High and Washington Streets, with an address of 123 W. Washington Street. An early occupant was the citys First National Bank, and its name is engraved in limestone on the building. The engraving "1893 Kirshbaum" is located centrally atop the cornice. (See 2010 photo of Briscoe Block and Kirshbaum Building, Kirshbaum Building is corner building on far right.) Raphael Kirshbaum (also spelled "Kirschbaum" in earlier years) was the builder of this building. Another building constructed for Kirshbaum in nearby Randolph County is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Kirshbaum was a German merchant that sold goods in Portland, Union City, and Hartford City (all in Indiana). At one time, he partnered with Adolph Weiler in Hartford City. (See also section on Weilers Building.) Eventually, Mr. Kirshbaum settled in Indianapolis, and was the key contributor for the Kirshbaum Center in that city.</p><br>
<p>United States Post Office Hartford City&#39;s Post Office is one of the few buildings in the Courthouse District built during a period other than the Indiana Gas Boom. Built during the Great Depression, the project was Federal Public Works Number 207. Construction began in 1934, and was finished in 1935. Designed by Louis A. Simon, the Post Office is the only example of the Neoclassical style of architecture in the Courthouse District. It is located at 123 South High Street.</p><br>
<h2>Notable properties</h2><br>
<p>The Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana has also identified five properties within the Courthouse Square Historic District that are above average in importance. After further research, these properties may have enough historic or architectural significance to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. These properties have been assigned a rating of "notable", which is just below the top rating. The properties are assessed for their historic significance, architectural merit, environment, and integrity. All five of the notable properties listed here are contributing properties to the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>210 East Washington Street Commercial Building This building was constructed around 1940 using the Art Modern style of architecture that evolved from Art Deco. This architectural style is not found elsewhere in the Courthouse District.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Ingram A three-story building built in the Romanesque Revival style. This corner building occupies addresses of 118 through 122 North Jefferson Street, and is located at the corner of Jefferson and Main streets, which is the northeast corner of the courthouse square. (See photo herein) Hotel Ingram is written in limestone on the second story of the buildings facade. The building was constructed in 1893, and opened to the public on January 9, 1894. The hotel originally had 45 guest rooms, and featured a large dining room with excellent food. The hotel building included a saloon known as the Ingram Bar. The Hotel Ingrams grand opening included a dinner for about 150 guests, plus entertainment provided by the Montani Brothers orchestra. W. F. Crist was the hotels original proprietor. During the hotels first month in existence, it had 1,200 "arrivals". The building was also the site of the Ingram grocery. The hotel became known as the Hartford Hotel in 1922. George D. Stevens, a local business executive and one of the communitys leading citizens, lived in a room at this hotel for many years during the first half of the 20th century. Stevens, who was described as "one of the richest men in Hartford City", made news after his death when it was discovered that he was a black man living as a white man in a town that had become all white.</p><br>
<p>Knights of Pythias/Tyner Building Designed by A. W. Maxwell and constructed around 1900, the building&#39;s architecture is a mixture of Romanesque, Classical, and Queen Anne, and it is located at 204–210 West Main Street. (See photo herein) The three-story building also has decorative limestone elements that resemble flames — possibly in tribute to the Gas Boom. "K of P" can be found on a western tablet, while "W.H. Tyner" can be found in the eastern panel. Among the offices in this Main Street building in the early 1900s were a confectioner, a doctor, and an attorney. The Knights of Pythias, Fraternal Order of Eagles, and Maccabees all held meetings in this building in the early 1900s. During a tumultuous period in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan had an office on the third floor of the building. Three events helped drive the Klan out of Hartford City — including one that happened in the Tyner building, and one that happened about four blocks away. First, a disturbing murder case against the state Klan leader disgusted many members. (Charles E. Cox, uncle of local newsman and Cox Building owner Edward E. Cox, assisted in the prosecution of this case.) Second, a safe in the Tyner Building was broken into, and the names of local Klan members were revealed. Third, violence that occurred at an event a few blocks from the courthouse caused the Hartford City mayor to order the local Klan leader out of town in 1926.</p><br>
<p>Rosenbush Building The Renaissance Revival building was built around 1890. Located at 110 West Main Street, the name Rosenbush can be found on the two-story building, written on a limestone tablet. The building has terra cotta star-like patterns on the brick above the windows. Years later, when the theater was closed, the building was the home of a tavern. On June 12, 2014, when the Weiler Building was demolished, the Rosenbush Building was also demolished, due to the buildings sharing a wall.</p><br>
<p>Scheidler Theater First owned by Matt Scheidler, this "very elegant and beautifully decorated" building was originally called the Hartford Theatre. Unlike most of the buildings in the district, this building was built after the Gas Boom, in 1947. Its architectural style is Art Deco. The structure is located at 122 East Washington Street.</p><br>
<h2>Other properties</h2><br>
<p>Other properties, in addition to those listed as outstanding or notable, contribute to the Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District. Many of these were also built during the Gas Boom. Some of the contributors are listed below.</p><br>
<p>The terminology used to describe the buildings of the Gas Boom era is slightly different from that used today. The term "block" was often used to describe the group of offices or stores located in a building instead of referring to the building. As can be seen in the boundaries diagram and descriptions herein, these "block" buildings did not occupy an entire city block, but they often had multiple storefronts or offices with multiple occupants. For example, the New York Times article from 1899 (see below) refers to the "Briscoe Block" instead of the Briscoe Building. The article also lists multiple businesses that occupied the building. Another example can be found in a business directory from the Gas Boom Era. Some of the attorneys (and other businesses too) listed their address as part of a "block" such as "Campbell Block" or "Tyner Block". Most of the building names used herein rely on the building names found in either National Register forms or publications from the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Bank Block This two-story building was constructed in the Commercial Italianate style in the 1880s. In the early 1900s, Citizens State Bank was located at the 102 North Jefferson Street address. A law firm and barber also listed "Bank Block" as their addresses. The southern portion of the original building still has much of its original appearance. It is located at the corner of Jefferson and Washington streets, with an address of 100 North Jefferson Street. However, the northern portion has been substantially remodeled, and is now considered a separate building. The words "Bank Block" are on the northern portion that occupies addresses of 102 and 104 North Jefferson Street. All of the north buildings Commercial Italianate features are now removed. The Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana&#39;s Blackford County Interim Report has a picture, on page 63, of the entire magnificent building circa 1900.</p><br>
<p>Briscoe Building This two-story Romanesque Revival building was constructed in 1893, and occupies the addresses of 113 through 121 West Washington Street. Three colors of brick are found on the facade, effectively dividing the building into three sections. However, the fire destroyed the roof of the building, and the remaining portion of the building escaped significant damage. The damage to the building was repaired, and the Briscoe Building still stands today. Occupants at the time of the 1899 fire included Kentucky Liquors, Western Union, Central Telephone, a grocer, and the J. L. Hoover Furniture Company — which later became long-time local retailer Hoover-Needler Furniture.</p><br>
<p>Cox Building Located at 217 North Jefferson Street (Jefferson and Franklin streets), the Cox Building is simply identified as "Commercial Building" in the District&#39;s National Register of Historic Places Registration Form.</p><br>
<p>Dowell Building Located at 107–109 West Washington Street, the Dowell building was constructed in 1893 using the Italianate style of architecture. Frank P. Dowell maintained an office in this building, conducting transactions related to real estate such as loans, mortgages, insurance, and titles. A notary public, he was also involved in buying, selling, and renting property. Frank Dowells father is Jessie H. Dowell, founder and president of Hartford City Natural Gas and Oil Company. In 1887, this company drilled the citys first successful natural gas well. The Dowell building is located on the south side of the square, east of the adjacent Briscoe Block.</p><br>
<p>W.H. Gable Block This two-story Commercial Italianate building was constructed in 1891, and occupies the addresses of 118 through 122 West Main Street. Five brick pilasters divide it into three storefronts and a stairway to the upstairs offices. "W.H. Gable 1891" appears in the center of the cornice. William H. Gable participated in the California Gold Rush in 1850 through 1852, and returned with enough money to begin various business interests, including furniture, undertaking, and real estate. The W. H. Gable business block was eventually built on land that was Gable&#39;s first real estate investment.</p><br>
<p>Griffin Buildings Two Griffin buildings are located side by side with addresses of 106 and 108 East Washington Street. The name "Griffin" can be found on the cornice of both buildings. Both were constructed around 1900. The 106 East Washington Street building was built in the Romanesque Revival style, and a second source believes this building was constructed in the 1890s. It is believed that 106 was built to be a saloon and was the longest running bar in Hartford City. The Russell Lewis saloon was located at the 108 East Washington address during the early 1900s. 108 East was demolished in 2023. 106 is the only remaining Griffin building. 106 sustained damage in the demolition and is currently undergoing reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>E. Smilack Building The E. Smilack Building is located at 203 East Washington Street. The building was constructed around 1910 using the Craftsman style of architecture. A friend loaned him five dollars to start a junk business. After about a decade in the business, Smilack was involved in scrap iron, metals, hides, fur, and wool. He also became a provider of coal and firewood. Smilack prospered enough that he was able to invest in land and oil wells. By 1914, he was considered one of the wealthier men in Blackford County. Smilack, along with other family members, was killed on July 22, 1922, when his automobile was struck by a passenger train.</p><br>
<p>Sowers & Gough Drugstore This corner building, located at 200 West Main Street, was originally built around 1910, and remodeled using the Art Deco style of architecture around 1940. The Sowers & Gough Drugstore was originally across the street, but Gough bought the building at the 200 West Main street address and moved the drugstore after Sowers health failed. Cecil Goughs drugstore became a favored gathering place during the 1930s and 1940s, as the store had a soda fountain and seating. The drugstore was bought by Merrit Tams in 1947, and was later run by Pat Mehling as Mehling&#39;s Drugstore. A 2010 photo of building, painted white and no longer a drugstore, is shown herein (notable properties section).</p><br>
<p>Weiler Building Completed in 1896 according to the engraving at the top of the building, the three-story structure was built in the Romanesque Revival style. The Weiler name, written on a limestone tablet, can be found on the third story. The uppermost portion of the building above the windows features terracotta rosettes and faces of men. The building is located at 104 West Main Street. On June 12, 2014 the building was demolished.</p><br>
<p>World War I Memorial Hartford City&#39;s Blackford County courthouse lawn is the home of numerous war memorials. The World War I memorial was the first of the four larger memorials to be located at the corners of the courthouse lawn. It was dedicated on September 28, 1921. James Taylor, president of Taylor University, was the dedication ceremony speaker. The sculptor was Ernest Moore Viquesney. The sculpture is known as the "Spirit of the American Doughboy", and this particular version was the third one erected.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Hartford City Courthouse Historic District is eligible for the National Register under two criteria. First, a number of events influenced the development of the area (Criterion A), most notable the establishment of Hartford City as the county seat, and the Indiana Gas Boom. The district is the historic center of Blackford County&#39;s commercial, social, and governmental activity. As county seat, the courthouse and nearby offices became the focus of Blackford County government. In the late 1880s, the Indiana Gas Boom brought major growth and prosperity to the region, resulting in the construction of numerous commercial, retail, and social facilities in the area surrounding the courthouse. Later, during the 1920s, the courthouse square was the site for events involving the Ku Klux Klan.</p><br>
<p>The second reason the district is significant is its collection of buildings and their architectural styles (Criterion C). Most of these buildings were constructed during the Indiana Gas Boom in the late 19th century or early 20th century, and have many of their original features. Three styles of architecture, Italianate, Renaissance Revival, and Romanesque Revival are all well represented, and additional styles can also be found.</p><br>
<p>The Wilton Free Public Library is the public library of Wilton, Maine, United States. It is located at 6 Goodspeed Street, across Wilson Stream from Main Street and just north of the town&#39;s central business district. It is located in the Goodspeed Memorial Library, an architecturally distinguished building designed by Harry S. Coombs, which was funded by Agnes Goodspeed and completed in 1916. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library building is a single-story Classical Revival building, built out of tan brick. The building is T-shaped, and stands overlooking Main Street across Wilson Stream. The main facade is three bays wide, the central one projecting and providing the main entrance. Brick piers frame the slightly recessed entry, which has slender Tuscan columns on either side, supporting an entablature with a half-round wagon wheel window. A modillioned cornice line is topped by a parapet. The interior of the building features richly detailed woodwork, particularly in the paneled entry hall. A stained glass window decorates the central section, with reading rooms in the flanking wings.</p><br>
<p>The Wilton Free Public Library was established in 1901 by petition of the town residents, and originally housed in one of the downtown commercial buildings. In 1914 the town received a bequest from the estate of Agnes I. Goodspeed, supplemented by additional donations by her sons, for the construction of this library building, which was dedicated in October 1916. It is one of the later works of Lewiston-based architect Harry S. Coombs.</p><br>
<p>The Jay-Niles Memorial Library or Niles Memorial Library is the public library of Jay, Maine. It is located on Maine State Route 4, in an architecturally distinguished Colonial Revival building built in 1916-18 as a memorial to Veranus and Mehitable Niles, and the town&#39;s Civil War soldiers. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jay-Niles Library is a two-story brick building, set on a terraced knoll overlooking Maine State Route 4 in North Jay. It is a basically rectangular structure, with projecting entrance sections to the west and north. The main (west-facing) facade is three bays wide, the projection flanked by large round-arch windows on the first floor and groups of three sash windows on the second. The projecting vestibule has a double-door with semi-elliptical fanlight window above at its center, flanked by paneled brick pilasters, and with brick corner quoining. A broad entablature separates the first and second levels, and is incised with the name of the library. The center bay above the entrance also has tripled sash windows. A cornice gives way to a parapet above, and the vestibule has a crown in the parapet.</p><br>
<p>The village of North Jay is documented to have had a subscription library established c. 1850, although it is not known how long this service lasted. The present building is the result of efforts by two brothers, Louville and S. H. Niles, to memorialize their parents, Veranus and Mehitable Niles, both longtime residents of Jay who died in 1893. It was built in 1916-18 to a design by Prescott and Sidebottom, and memorializes both the Nileses and Jay&#39;s soldiers in the American Civil War. The library was active until the 1970s, when it was closed for a time, reopening in 1980 with town support.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Fairfield Public Library, located at 339 Main Street, is the public library of Fort Fairfield, Maine, United States. Fort Fairfield had a private library as early as 1880. It became a town-supported library in 1894 with a circulation of 300 books. In 1911 the town received a grant of $10,000 from Andrew Carnegie - making it one of the seventeen Carnegie libraries in the state of Maine. The building was designed by Lewiston architect Harry Coombs, and built by R.J. Noyes of Augusta. The Fort Fairfield Public Library was completed and officially opened on September 9, 1913.</p><br>
<p>In 1925 Colonel Franklin Drew, from Lewiston, who regarded Fort Fairfield&#39;s public library as one of the best in the state, donated his personal library to it. The Drew Room, where the genealogy records, town reports dating back to the late 1800s, the Fort Fairfield Review, and the Fort Fairfield Journal are kept, are named after his father, Jessie Drew.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. In 1994-5 an addition was added as a community room to be used for the benefit of the inhabitants in Fort Fairfield, local clubs and organizations. It also features the childrens room, the librarians office and bathroom, which are all handicap accessible. The community room was used as a temporary town office during the 1994 flood.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, a decision was made to computerize the librarys collection. 14,000 books were entered into computers for the librarians and library patrons&#39; use. The library had approximately 18,000 books, audio books, VHS & DVD movies, as well as 20 periodicals and 4 newspapers.</p><br>
<p>The Steep Falls Library, also known historically as the Pierce Memorial Library, is a public library in the Steep Falls village in the town of Standish, Maine, USA. Built in 1917 and enlarged in 1924, it was a gift to the community of Henry Pierce, a Standish native who made a business fortune in California. The building, a handsome Colonial Revival structure designed by Edward F. Fassett, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Steep Falls Library stands on the southwest side of Pequawket Trail (Maine State Route 113), south east of its junction with Main Street (Maine State Route 11), at the back of a semicircular drive. It is a single-story brick building, with a hip roof. A pair of gabled entrances project from the front, the right one a gabled porch supported by granite Doric columns, while that on the left is an enclosed vestibule with a simpler entrance. The right entrance is set in a round-arch opening, with a band of windows around the arched door. Between the projecting entrances is a shed-roof projection with three groups of windows, each in narrow-wide-narrow form. Outside the entrances are Palladian windows. The building corners feature brick quoining. The interior of the building retains original Colonial Revival woodwork and decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The right half of the library was designed by Edward F. Fassett and was completed in 1917; Fassett died in 1922, and it may have been his last commission. Henry Pierce, who funded its construction, was a Steep Falls native who made a fortune as a businessman selling supplies during the California Gold Rush. The left half of the library, housing the children&#39;s room, was added in 1924; it was designed by John Calvin Stevens and his son John Howard Stevens.</p><br>
<p>Standish&#39;s other public library is located in the village of Richville.</p><br>
<p>Jerusalem District No. 5 Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at 3510 Old Jerusalem Rd, Wantagh, New York in Nassau County, New York. It is owned by Levittown Union Free School District #5. It was built in 1876 and enlarged to three rooms about 1920. It is a T-shaped building with the original section located at the rear. It is a long frame building on a poured concrete foundation and hipped roof with shallow overhanging eaves. The main entrance features a portico. It is now leased out to a private day care facility.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, and was also listed as a Town of Hempstead Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>Pauline Felix House is a historic home located at Long Beach in Nassau County, New York. It was built in 1909 and is a -story, Italian Renaissance–style residence with a stucco exterior and a clay tile hipped roof. It features a portico supported by six evenly spaced square posts and running the full width of the facade.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>House at 226 West Penn Street, also known as Long Beach Historical Museum, is a historic home located at Long Beach in Nassau County, New York. It was built in 1909 and is a two-story, American Craftsman / bungalow style residence with a stucco exterior and a clay tile hipped roof. It features a large stucco colonnaded wraparound porch supported by eight thick columns. Also on the property is a contributing early 20th century garage. It has housed the Long Beach Historical Museum since 1997.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse–Glasgow Main in Glasgow, Montana was built in 1939. Also known as Glasgow Post Office and Courthouse and as Glasgow Main Post Office, it was designed by Louis A. Simon in Starved Classicism style. It served historically as a courthouse and as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It includes a 6 ft by 14 ft mural by Forrest Hill (b. 1909) painted in 1942 for $1,250.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Vaisberg House is a historic home located at Long Beach in Nassau County, New York. It was built in 1927 in the boom years before the Great Depression. It is a rectangular, -story, Spanish Revival-style residence with a stucco exterior and a clay tile, hipped roof. It features decorative art glass windows. Also on the property is a stucco garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse–Great Falls, also known as Great Falls Post Office and Courthouse, in Great Falls, Montana, is a three-story building constructed in 1912. It was expanded by a two-story addition in 1937 and further expanded in 1967–68.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by James Knox Taylor and reflects Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture and Second Renaissance Revival architecture. It served historically as a courthouse and as a post office, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed to be "an outstanding example of early Twentieth Century federal architecture in the Second Renaissance Revival mode" and it was asserted that it "symbolizes the early growth of the city and the federal governments recognition of citys importance as a regional center."</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse–Havre Main, located in Havre, Montana, was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore in Classical Revival style and was built in 1932. Also known as Havre Post Office and Courthouse or Havre Main Post Office, it served historically as a courthouse and as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>As of 2015, it was purchased by a local family to be their place of residence and is undergoing extensive restoration.</p><br>
<p>Its construction in 1932 was a major local happening, symbolizing assistance of the national government to the local area during the Depression.</p><br>
<p>The Chamberlain-Pennell House, also known as Hill of Skye, is a historic home located at Chester Heights, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The building was built about 1722 and "modernized" in the mid-19th century. The -story, brick house in configured in a "hall, passage, parlor" plan. A -story kitchen wing was added to the west side sometime before 1798.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Old Rose Tree Tavern is an historic, American inn and tavern that is located in Rose Tree Park, just north of the borough of Media, in Upper Providence Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Calvert was granted the land that the tavern stands on in 1682 by William Penn. Daniel Calvert, who was likely John&#39;s grandson, built a frame building along the Providence Great Road (now Pennsylvania Route 252) and was licensed to run a tavern there in 1739.</p><br>
<p>The current building is a large two-and-one-half-story, fieldstone building. It was erected in 1809 on the site of the earlier frame structure. A stone addition was built in 1836.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was moved roughly one hundred yards from its original site when PA-252 was widened. During 2011 the building was renovated and now houses the Brandywine Conference & Visitors Bureau.</p><br>
<p>This tavern was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Thompson Cottage, also known as the James Marshall Cottage, is an historic, American tenant farmer&#39;s house that is located in Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built by James Marshall sometime after 1774, likely near the time of the American Revolution, it was purchased with two acres of land by Thomas Thompson, a free Black, in 1847. He and his descendants lived there until 1971. It is an excellent example of an unaltered eighteenth century tenant farmer&#39;s homestead.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Booth Farm is a historic farmhouse located in Bethel Township, Delaware County. The farmhouse was built in the Federal style in 1819 and a barn was also built about the same time. The roughly 77 acre farm was bought by Thomas Booth in the 1790s and has been used as a tenant farm throughout much of its history. He built the farmhouse for his son James who was born in 1790. Four following generations, all named Thomas Booth, have owned the farm into the 21st century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert Booth immigrated to Pennsylvania from Yorkshire, England in 1712 and established a farm in the neighborhood. His son, also named Robert, was the original Thomas Booth&#39;s father. Robert Pyle bought the land in 1683, and his family owned the land until it was sold to the Booths. The Pyle house, which was an important meeting place for Quakers, was destroyed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The barn was burned down by a tenant farmer and was then re-erected on the same foundation in 1910. A carriage barn was built in two stages in c. 1820 and c. 1830. Several other out-buildings were added at later dates.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Gilpin Homestead, also known as the Gideon Gilpin House or the General Howe Headquarters, is a historic home located in Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original house was built in 1754, and consisted of a brick building with two basement rooms, two first-floor rooms, two bedrooms, and the attic. Sometime around 1811, a stone addition was built that is now the middle of the house, and a second stone addition was completed by 1859.</p><br>
<p>A porch was added between 1870 and 1897, and the garage was attached in 1949. Also located on the property are a carriage house-barn, small barn, spring house, a creamery-cheese house, and the stone remains of a barn built in 1860.</p><br>
<p>William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe used the Gilpin house as his headquarters from late afternoon of September 11, until the morning of September 16, 1777, after the Battle of Brandywine.</p><br>
<p>The 1754 section was added to an earlier house, probably built in the 1730s. This was eventually torn down to allow for the nineteenth century additions. There is not, and never was a staircase in the 1754 section, but visible on the plaster wall in the present stair hall, is the "witness" of the original stair.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>House at 251 Rocklyn Avenue is a historic home located at Lynbrook in Nassau County, New York. It is an L-shaped dwelling with 2-story central section, a 2-story addition to the east, and -story addition to the west with a 1-story rear addition and cross gable roof. The oldest section, the west section, was built about 1793. A single-story, partially enclosed porch extends across the center section.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>House at 474 Ocean Avenue, also known as Luning House, is a historic home located at Lynbrook in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1838 and is a two-story, frame Greek Revival style dwelling. It consists of a large three-bay center section with a two-story, two-bay wing. A single height porch runs the length of the house and has square support posts with distinctive scroll brackets. Also on the property is a contributing well house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>House at 73 Grove Street is a historic home located at Lynbrook in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1840 and is a -story, clapboard-sided dwelling with a side-gabled roof. It was originally one room deep and two rooms wide, but expanded to two rooms deep in the 1930s. It has a two-story rear extension. It features a three-bay, single-story Colonial Revival style porch with four square support posts.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Pagan-Fletcher House is a historic home located at Valley Stream in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1840 and is a two-story, clapboard sided dwelling, five bays wide with a shallow central portico. It has a one-story rear wing with an exterior end chimney. It was extensively remodeled in the early 20th century to the Colonial Revival style, when the farmhouse was more than doubled in size. It is the only surviving 19th century structure in Valley Stream. The house was the site of the village&#39;s first post office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The house has been restored by the Valley Stream Historical Society to an early 20th-century appearance. It is open to the public on Sunday afternoons.</p><br>
<p>Samuel and Elbert Jackson House is a historic home located at Wantagh in Nassau County, New York. It is an essentially L-shaped dwelling. It is a -story wood-frame structure with rear and side wings, one of which dates to the 18th century. The large main, square central block dates from the mid-19th century and is two stories with a simple, straight pitched gable roof. There are Greek Revival details.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Rock Hall is a historic home located at Lawrence in Nassau County, New York. It was built about 1767 and stands on a manorial, park-like setting overlooking Jamaica Bay. It is a -story, Georgian-style frame dwelling, with a T-shaped frame wing. It is five bays wide, with a central portico shielding the main entry. During the early 1950s the town of Hempstead restored Rock Hall to its 18th-century appearance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
